Encyclopedia of food and culture /

Table of Contents: “…Acceptance and Rejection -- Additives -- Adulteration of Food -- Advertising of Food -- Africa -- Central Africa -- East Africa -- North Africa -- West Africa -- Agricultural Research -- Agricultural Workers -- Agriculture, Origins of -- Agriculture Since The Industrial Revolution -- Agronomy -- Alcohol -- Algae, Toxic -- Allergies -- American Indians -- Prehistoric Indians and Historical Overview -- Contemporary Issues -- Ancient Kitchen, The -- Ancient Mediterranean Religions -- Animals: Primate Diets -- Anorexia, Bulimia -- Anthropology and Food -- Antioxidants -- Aphrodisiacs -- Apicius -- Appetite -- Apple -- Aquaculture -- Arcimboldo, Giuseppe -- Arctic -- Art, Food in -- Film and Television -- Literature -- Opera -- Painting and the Visual Arts -- Poetry -- Arthropods: Insects, Arachnids, and Crustaceans -- Artificial Foods -- Asia, Central -- Assessment of Nutritional Status -- Australia and New Zealand -- Australian Aborigines -- Aversion to Food -- Baby Food -- Bagel -- Baháʼí -- Baking -- Balkan Countries -- Banana and Plantain -- Barbecue -- Barley -- Beard, James -- Beer -- Origins and Ancient History -- From Late Egyptian Times to the Nineteenth Century -- The Twentieth Century -- Production and Social Use -- Beeton, Isabella -- Beriberi -- Berries -- Betty Crocker -- Bible, Food in The -- Bioactive Food Components -- Biodiversity and The Cornucopia of Foods -- Biotechnology -- Birdseye, Clarence -- Birthday Foods -- Biscuits -- Body -- Body Composition -- Boiling -- Botanicals -- Botulism -- Brazil -- Bread -- Bread, Symbolism of -- Breakfast -- Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme -- British Isles -- England -- Ireland -- Scotland -- Wales -- Broasting -- Broiling -- Buddhism -- Butter -- Byzantine Empire -- Cabbage and Crucifer plants -- Cactus -- Cake and Pancake -- Calcium -- Caloric Intake -- Calorie -- Canada -- Canada: Native Peoples -- Candy and Confections -- Cannibalism -- Caramelization -- Carbohydrates -- Carême, Marie Antoine -- Caribbean -- Cassava -- Cattle -- Central America -- Central Europe -- Cereal Grains and Pseudo-Cereals -- Cereals, Cold -- Cheese -- Chef, the -- Chicken Soup -- Child, Julia -- Chili Peppers -- China -- Ancient and Dynastic China -- Beijing (Peking) Cuisine -- Fujian (Fukien) Cuisine -- Guangzhou (Canton) Cuisine -- Sichuan (Szechuan) Cuisine -- Zhejiang (Chekiang) Cuisine -- Chitlins (Chitterlings) -- Chocolate -- Cholesterol -- Choline, Inositol, and Related Nutrients -- Christianity -- Eastern Orthodox Christianity -- Western Christianity -- Christmas -- Christmas Drinks -- Chutney -- Civilization and Food -- Class, Social -- Climate and Food -- Cocktail Party -- Cocktails -- Codex Alimentarius -- Coffee -- Coloring, Food -- Columbian Exchange -- Combination of Proteins -- Comfort Food -- Commodity Price Supports -- Compote -- Condiments -- Consumer Protests -- Consumption of Food -- Cookbooks -- Cookbooks, Community -- Cooking -- Cost of Food -- Couscous -- Crop Improvement -- Crushing -- Crustaceans and Shellfish -- Cucumbers, Melons, and other Cucurbits -- Cuisine, Evolution of -- Curds -- Curry -- Custard And Puddings -- Cutlery -- Dairy Products -- Day of The Dead -- Death and Burial -- Delmonico Family -- Dentistry -- Diaspora -- Dietary Assessment -- Dietary Guidelines -- Dietary Systems: A Historical Perspective -- Dietetics -- Digestion -- Dinner -- Disease: Metabolic Diseases -- Disgust -- Distribution of Food -- Division of Labor -- Durian -- Easter -- Eating: Anatomy and Physiology of Eating -- Ecology and Food -- Education about Food -- Eggs -- Electrolytes -- Energy -- Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition -- Environment -- Epicurus -- Epiphany -- Escoffier, Georges-Auguste -- Ethnobotany -- Ethnopharmacology -- Etiquette and Eating Habits -- Etymology of Food -- Evolution -- Extension Services -- Fads in Food -- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations) -- Farmers' Markets -- Fast Food -- Fasting and Abstinence -- Christianity -- Hinduism and Buddhism -- Islam -- Judaism -- Fats -- Fauchon, Auguste Félix -- Favre, Joseph -- Feasts, Festivals, and Fasts -- Fermentation -- Fermented Beverages other than Wine and Beer -- Festivals of Food -- Fiber, Dietary -- Fish -- Overview -- Freshwater Fish -- Sea Fish -- Fish, Salted -- Fish, Smoked -- Fish and Chips -- Fisher, M. …”
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Clinical application of mechanical ventilation / by Chang, David W.

Table of Contents: “…Pharmacotherapy For Mechanical Ventilation: -- Introduction -- Drugs for improving ventilation: -- Autonomic nervous system agents -- Adrenergic bronchodilators (Sympathomimetics) -- Anticholinergic bronchodilators (Parasympatholytics) -- Xanthine bronchodilators -- Anti-inflammatory agents (Corticosteroids) -- Delivery of MDI medications -- Neuromuscular blocking agents: -- Mechanism of action -- Characteristics of neuromuscular blocking agents -- Factors affecting neuromuscular blockade -- Factors affecting neuromuscular blockade -- Adverse effects -- Evaluation of neuromuscular blockade -- Central nervous system agents: -- Sedatives and antianxiety agents (Benzodiazepines) -- Opioid analgesics -- Agents for seizures and elevated intracranial pressure (Barbiturates) -- Other agents used in mechanical ventilation: -- Propofol -- Haloperidol -- Dexmedetomidine -- Nitric oxide -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Additional resources -- Procedures Related To Mechanical Ventilation: -- Introduction -- Chest tube and drainage system: -- Indications for chest tube -- Chest tube selection and placement -- Methods of placement -- Chest tube drainage system -- Care and removal of chest tube -- Transport with chest tube -- Assisting in fiberoptic bronchoscopy: -- Indications for fiberoptic bronchoscopy -- Bronchoscope and medications -- Insertion of bronchoscope -- Types of specimen -- Complications -- Post bronchoscopy care -- Transport of mechanically ventilated patients: -- Indications -- Contraindications -- Equipment and supplies -- Types of transport -- Procedures for inter hospital transport -- Hazards and complications -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Additional resources -- Critical Care Issues In Mechanical Ventilation: -- Introduction -- Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Definitions of ALI and ARDS -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentations -- Lung protection using airway pressure thresholds -- Low tidal volume and permissive hypercapnia -- Decremental recruitment maneuver to determine optimal PEEP -- Prone positioning -- Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP): -- Incidence of VAP -- Clinical presentations -- Prevention of VAP -- Treatment of VAP -- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): -- General principles of HIE -- Cerebral perfusion pressure -- Decrease in CPP due to cardiac arrest -- Decrease in CPP due to shock -- Decrease in CPP due to brain injury -- Evaluation and treatment of HIE -- Trauma brain injury: -- Delayed brain injury -- Acceleration and deceleration brain injuries -- Clinical evaluation and assessment -- Management strategies -- Respiratory management -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation: -- Introduction -- Definition of weaning success and failure: -- Weaning success -- Weaning in progress -- Weaning failure -- Patient condition prior to weaning -- Weaning criteria: -- Ventilatory criteria -- Oxygenation criteria -- Pulmonary reserve -- Pulmonary measurements -- Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) -- Weaning procedure: -- Spontaneous breathing trial -- Failure of SBT -- Pressure support ventilation -- Other modes of partial ventilatory support -- Weaning protocol -- Signs of weaning failure -- Causes of weaning failure: -- Increase of airflow resistance -- Decrease of compliance -- Respiratory muscle fatigue -- Terminal weaning: -- Prior to withdrawal -- Withdrawal -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Additional resources -- Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation: -- Introduction -- Intubation: -- Indications -- Equipment -- Surfactant replacement therapy: -- History -- Indications -- Types of surfactant and dosages -- Outcomes -- Nasal CPAP: -- Use of nasal CPAP -- Basic principles of neonatal ventilation: -- Pressure-control ventilation -- Volume-controlled ventilation -- Ventilator circuits and humidifiers -- Initiation of neonatal ventilatory support: -- Indications for mechanical ventilation -- Initial ventilator settings -- High Frequency Ventilation (HFV): -- High Frequency Positive Pressure Ventilation (HFPPV) -- High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV) -- High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) -- Initial HFOV settings -- Other methods of ventilation: -- Machine volume -- Volume Guarantee -- Liquid ventilation -- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): -- History -- Patient selection -- ECMO criteria -- Mechanisms of bypass -- Complications -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Additional resources -- Mechanical Ventilation In Nontraditional Settings: -- Introduction -- Mechanical ventilation at home: -- Goals of Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) -- Indications and contraindications -- Patient selection -- Equipment selection -- Mechanical ventilation in mass casualty incidents: -- Causes of mass casualty -- Mass casualty and mechanical ventilation -- Triage systems for mass casualty incidents -- Strategic national stockpile -- Exclusion criteria for mechanical ventilation -- Personnel and planning -- Mechanical ventilation in hyperbaric condition: -- Rationale for Hyperbaric Oxygenation (HBO) -- Indications for HBO -- Endotracheal tube and ventilator -- Tidal volume fluctuations -- Monitoring and mechanical ventilation -- Defibrillation and cardiac pacing -- Mechanical ventilation in hypobaric condition: -- High-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema -- Airplane cabin pressure -- Ventilator parameter changes under hypobaric conditions -- Pressure compensation -- Traveling with portable ventilators: -- Characteristics of portable ventilators -- Traveling in the United States -- Adjustment of tidal volume -- Portable oxygen concentrator -- Summary -- Self-assessment questions -- Answers to self-assessment questions -- References -- Additional resources -- Case Studies: -- Case 1: COPD -- Case 2: Status asthmaticus -- Case 3: Post-abdominal surgery -- Case 4: Head injury -- Case 5: Smoke inhalation -- Case 6: Drug overdose -- Case 7: Tension hemopneumothorax -- Case 8: Chest trauma -- Case 9: Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Case 10: Myasthenia gravis -- Case 11: Guillain-Barre -- Case 12: Botulism -- Case 13: Meconium aspiration/patent ductus arteriosus -- Case 14: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn -- Case 15: Home care and disease management -- Case 16: End-of-life sedation on mechanical ventilation -- Appendix 1: Respiratory Care Calculations: -- A: Arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen concentration (PaO2/F1O2) index -- B: Cardiac Output (CO): Fick's estimated method -- C: Cerebral perfusion pressure -- D: Compliance: Dynamic (Cdyn) -- E: Compliance: Static (Cst) -- F: Corrected tidal volume (Vt) -- G: Deadspace to tidal volume Ratio (Vd/Vt) -- H: I:E Ratio -- I: Mean airway pressure (MPaw) -- J: Minute ventilation: expired and alveolar -- K: Oxygen content: arterial (CaO2) -- L: Oxygen index (OI) -- M: Shunt equation (Qsp/Qt): classic physiologic -- N: Shunt equation (Qsp/Qt): estimated -- O: Vascular resistance: pulmonary -- P: Vascular resistance: Systemic -- Q: Ventilator rate needed for a desired PaCO2 -- R: Weaning index: rapid shallow breathing -- Appendix 2: Normal Electrolyte Concentrations in Plasma -- Appendix 3: Oxygen transport normal ranges -- Appendix 4: Hemodynamic normal ranges -- Appendix 5: Glasgow coma score -- Appendix 6: Apache II severity of disease classification system -- Glossary -- Index.…”
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The Gale encyclopedia of medicine /

Table of Contents: “…Biochemistry -- Bioelectric therapy -- Biofeedback -- Biomedical engineering -- Bipolar disorder -- Birth defects -- Birthmarks -- Bites and stings -- Black lung disease -- Bladder cancer -- Bladder stones -- Bladder training -- Blastomycosis -- Bleeding time -- Bleeding varices -- Blepharoplasty -- Blood clots -- Blood culture -- Blood donation and registry -- Blood gas analysis -- Blood sugar tests -- Blood typing and crossmatching -- Blood urea nitrogen test -- Blood-viscosity reducing drugs -- Body dysmorphic disorder -- Body image -- Body mass index -- Boils -- Bone biopsy -- Bone cancer -- Bone density test -- Bone disorder drugs -- Bone grafting -- Bone growth stimulation -- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy -- Bone marrow transplantation -- Bone sarcoma -- Bone scan -- Bone x rays -- Borderline personality disorder -- Botulinum toxin injections -- Botulism -- Bowel preparation -- Bowel resection -- Bowel training -- Brachytherapy -- Brain abscess -- Brain biopsy -- Brain tumor -- Breast biopsy -- Breast cancer -- Breast implants -- Breast reconstruction -- Breast reduction -- Breast self-examination -- Breast ultrasound -- Breastfeeding -- Breastfeeding problems -- Breech birth -- Bronchiectasis -- Bronchiolitis -- Bronchitis -- Bronchodilators -- Bronchoscopy -- Brucellosis -- Bruises -- Bruxism -- Budd-chiari syndrome -- Buerger's disease -- Bulimia nervosa -- Bundle branch block -- Bunion -- Burns -- Bursitis -- Byssinosis -- Caffeine -- Calcium -- Calcium channel blockers -- Campylobacteriosis -- Cancer -- Cancer markers -- Cancer screening guidelines -- Cancer staging -- Cancer survivorship issues -- Cancer therapy, curative intent -- Cancer therapy, palliative -- Cancer therapy, supportive -- Cancer vaccines -- Candidiasis -- Canker sores -- Carbohydrate intolerance -- Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Carcinoembryonic antigen test -- Carcinogens -- Cardiac catheterization -- Cardiac rehabilitation -- Cardiac tamponade -- Cardiomyopathy -- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation -- Cardioversion -- Carotid sinus massage -- Carpal tunnel syndrome -- Cataract surgery -- Cataracts -- Catatonia -- Catecholamines tests -- Catheter ablation -- Cat-scratch disease -- Celiac disease -- Cell therapy -- Cellulitis -- Central nervous system depressants -- Central nervous system infections -- Central nervous system stimulants -- Central sleep apnea -- Cephalosporins -- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy -- Cerebral aneurysm -- Cerebral palsy -- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis -- Cerumen impaction -- Cervical cancer -- Cervical conization -- Cervical disk disease -- Cervical spondylosis -- Cervicitis -- Cesarean section -- Chagas' disease -- Chancroid -- Charcoal, activated -- Charcot marie tooth disease -- Charcot's joints -- Chelation therapy -- Chemistry screen -- Chemonucleolysis -- Chemotherapy -- Chest drainage therapy -- Chest physical therapy -- Chest x ray -- Chickenpox -- Chikungunya -- Child abuse -- Childbirth -- Childhood nutrition -- Childhood obesity -- Children's health -- Chiropractic -- Chlamydial pneumonia -- Choking -- Cholangitis -- Cholecystectomy -- Cholecystitis -- Cholera -- Cholestasis -- Cholesterol -- Cholesterol and triglyceride tests -- Cholesterol-reducing drugs -- Cholinergic drugs -- Chondromalacia patellae -- Choriocarcinoma -- Chorionic villus sampling -- Chronic fatigue syndrome -- Chronic granulomatous disease -- Chronic kidney failure -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Circumcision -- Cirrhosis -- Cleft lip and palate -- Clenched fist injury -- Club drugs -- Clubfoot -- Cluster headache -- Coagulation disorders -- Coarctation of the aorta -- Cocaine and related disorders -- Coccidioidomycosis -- Coccyx injuries -- Cochlear implants -- Cognitive-behavioral therapy -- Cold agglutinins test -- Cold sores -- Colic -- Colitis -- Colon cancer -- Colonic irrigation -- Colonoscopy -- Color blindness -- Colostomy -- Colposcopy -- Coma -- Common cold -- Common variable immunodeficiency -- Compartment syndrome -- Complement deficiencies -- Complete blood count -- Computed tomography scans -- Concierge medicine -- Concussion -- Condoms -- Conduct disorder -- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -- Congenital amputation -- Congenital bladder anomalies -- Congenital brain defects -- Congenital heart disease -- Congenital hip dysplasia -- Congenital lobar emphysema -- Congenital ureter anomalies -- Congestive cardiomyopathy -- Congestive heart failure -- Conjunctivitis -- Constipation -- Contact dermatitis -- Contraception -- Contractures -- Cooling treatments -- Coombs' tests -- Cor pulmonale -- Corneal abrasion -- Corneal transplantation -- Corneal ulcers -- Corns and calluses -- Coronary artery bypass graft surgery -- Coronary artery disease -- Coronary stenting -- Corticosteroids -- Corticosteroids, dermatologic -- Corticosteroids, inhaled -- Corticosteroids, systemic -- Cortisol tests -- Cosmetic dentistry -- Costochondritis -- Cough -- Cough suppressants -- Couvade syndrome -- Cox-2 inhibitors -- Craniopharyngioma -- Craniosacral therapy -- Craniotomy -- C-reactive protein -- Creatine kinase test -- Creatinine test -- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Cri du chat syndrome -- Crohn's disease -- Croup -- Cryoglobulin test -- Cryotherapy -- Cryptococcosis -- Cryptosporidiosis -- Ct-guided biopsy -- Culture-fair test -- Cushing's syndrome -- Cutaneous larva migrans -- Cutaneous t-cell lymphoma -- Cutis laxa -- Cyanosis -- Cyclic vomiting syndrome -- Cyclosporiasis -- Cystectomy -- Cystic fibrosis -- Cystinuria -- Cystitis -- Cystometry -- Cystoscopy -- Cytology -- Cytomegalovirus antibody screening test -- Cytomegalovirus infection --…”
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