National television violence study.

Table of Contents: “…TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Violence in television programming overall: University of California, Santa Barbara study -- Background and overview of the study -- Foundations underlying the research -- The importance of context -- Nature of perpetrator -- Nature of target -- Reason for violence -- Presence of weapons -- Extent and graphicness of violence -- Realism of violence -- Rewards and punishments -- Consequences of violence -- Humor -- Developmental differences in the processing of television content -- Contextual patterns -- Overview of the content analysis framework -- Definition of violence -- Units of analysis -- Measures -- Coding of content -- Sample -- Description of methods -- Sample of programs -- Basic parameters of the sample -- Obtaining a representative sample of the program population -- Summary description of the sample -- Content measures -- Definition of violence -- Units of analysis -- Contextual measures -- Coding and reliability -- Checking the quality of data -- Check for fatigue in coder performance -- Summary of reliability -- Three year assessment of the methods -- The sample -- Checking the quality of data -- Reliability -- Summary of methods -- Results: Three year analysis -- The presence of violence: prevalence, saturation and rate -- Prevalence -- Saturation -- Rate -- Prevalence of programming with an anti-violence theme -- Adjusted presence -- Summary of presence -- Context: the meaning of the violence -- Nature of the perpetrator -- Summary of the perpetrators -- Nature of the target -- Summary of the targets -- Reasons for violence -- Justification -- Means/presence of weapons -- Extent of violence -- Graphicness of violence -- Realism -- Rewards and punishments -- Consequences of violence -- Humor -- Sexual violence -- Programming with an anti-violence theme -- Drama series -- Comedy series -- Reality programming -- Movies -- Children's programming -- Music video -- Analysis of primetime programming -- Summary of results -- Presence of violence -- Saturation of violence -- Rate of violence -- Protection from violence -- Context or nature of violent portrayals -- Assessing change in television violence -- Thresholds for detecting change -- Statistical significance -- Practical differences -- The pattern of differences -- Measurement error for the contextual variables -- Prevalence levels for violent programming -- Overall prevalence -- Prevalence by channel and genre -- Three year comparison of demographics and attributes of perpetrators and targets -- Assessing change on the major contextual variables in television programming overall -- Assessing change on the major contextual variables by channel type and genre -- Changes by channel type -- Changes by program genre -- Primetime analysis -- Prevalence of violence -- Major contextual variables -- Summary of primetime analyses -- Conclusions about the change in prevalence and contextual patterns of violent portrayals -- High risk portrayals that encourage learning of aggression -- Composite for learning: definitional issues -- Units of analysis: violent interactions rather than programs -- The need for two composites: developmental considerations -- Filters for high risk -- Results -- High risk for young children -- High risk for older children and adolescents.…”