Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Storage Tanks Selection, Design, Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- 1 An introduction to fugitive emission
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Fugitive emission gases
- 1.3 Greenhouse effect
- 1.4 Global warming/climate change
- 1.4.1 Weather
- 1.4.2 Agriculture
- 1.4.3 Sea levels
- 1.4.4 Animals and plants
- 1.4.5 Human health
- 1.4.6 Solutions
- 1.5 Health, safety, and environment
- 1.6 Fugitive emissions organizations and regulations
- 1.6.1 Environmental protection agency
- 1.6.2 European Environment Agency
- 1.6.3 Kyoto protocol
- 1.7 Leak detection and repair
- 1.7.1 Identifying at risk components
- 1.7.2 Leak definition
- 1.7.3 Leak detection and monitoring
- 1.7.3.1 Internal monitoring
- 1.7.3.2 External monitoring
- 1.7.3.3 Interstitial monitoring
- 1.7.3.4 Leak detection method selection
- 1.7.3.4.1 Leak detection classes
- 1.7.4 Repairing
- 1.7.5 Recordkeeping
- Questions and answers
- Further reading
- 2 Storage tank types and components
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Types
- 2.2.1 Atmospheric tanks
- 2.2.1.1 Fixed roof
- 2.2.1.2 Floating roof storage tanks
- 2.2.1.2.1 External floating roof tank
- 2.2.1.2.2 Internal floating roof tank
- 2.2.1.3 Low-pressure storage tanks
- 2.2.1.4 Low-temperature storage tanks
- 2.3 Components
- 2.3.1 Foundation
- 2.3.2 Shell, bottom, and roof
- 2.3.2.1 Shell
- 2.3.2.2 Bottom (floor)
- 2.3.2.2.1 Flat horizontal bottom
- 2.3.2.2.2 Flat sloping bottom
- 2.3.2.2.3 Coned up and down bottom
- 2.3.2.3 Roof
- 2.3.3 Accessories
- 2.3.4 Accessories and fugitive emission prevention
- 2.3.4.1 Breather valve
- 2.3.4.2 Gauge and sampling components
- 2.3.4.3 Manhole
- 2.3.4.4 Access hatches
- 2.3.4.5 Vents
- 2.3.4.6 Drains
- 2.3.4.7 Seals
- 2.3.4.8 Heaters
- 2.3.4.9 Mixers
- 2.3.4.10 Platforms, ladders, and stairways
- 2.3.4.11 Gauging devices
- 2.3.4.12 Safety systems
- 2.3.4.12.1 Firefighting systems
- 2.3.4.12.2 Grounding systems
- 2.3.4.12.3 Alarm systems
- Questions and answers
- Further reading
- 3 Storage tank emission management
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Storage tank release/emission types
- 3.2.1 Leaks and evaporation losses
- 3.2.1.1 Types of storage losses
- 3.2.1.1.1 Working losses
- 3.2.1.1.2 Standing losses
- Breathing losses
- Heat and boiling losses
- 3.2.1.1.3 Cleaning and degassing emissions
- 3.2.2 Spills and overfills
- 3.3 Causes of leakage and emission
- 3.3.1 Lack of corrosion protection
- 3.3.1.1 Corrosion protection methods
- 3.3.2 Spill and overfill
- 3.3.2.1 Spill and overfill prevention
- 3.3.2.1.1 Level measurement
- Level instrumentation
- Management systems/procedures
- Process control and computer capability
- 3.3.2.1.2 Secondary containment
- 3.3.2.1.3 Maintenance
- 3.3.3 Improper installation
- 3.3.4 Poor design and lack of safety
- 3.4 AP Chapter 7 liquid storage tanks overviews
- Questions and answers
- Further reading
