IRAN : u.s. relations, foreign policies and sanctions.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
[S.l.] :
NOVA SCIENCE,
2021.
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| Series: | Politics and Economics of the Middle East Ser.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | CONNECT |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- U.S.-Iran Tensions: Implications for Homeland Security(
- Statement of Chairman Bennie G. Thompson, January 15, 2020
- Statement of Ranking Member Mike Rogers, January 15, 2020
- Statement of Barbara A. Leaf, Director, Geduld Program on Arab Politics, Washington Institute
- Prepared Statement of Barbara A. Leaf, January 15, 2020
- Iraq
- The PMF Problem
- The Iraq of 2020 Aptly Reflects Soleimani's Efforts
- The Gulf
- Conclusion
- What Should the United States Do?
- Statement of Vincent Stewart, Special Advisor and Chairman, Board of Advisors, Middle East Media Research Institute
- Prepared Statement of Vincent Stewart
- Iran's Cyber Threat Capabilities
- Official U.S. Statements
- Round-Up of Recent Cyber Incidents with Iranian Involvement
- Statements by Iranian Officials on Cyber Issues
- May 28, 2019
- December 13, 2019
- December 9, 2019
- December 9, 2019
- December 8, 2019
- December 2, 2019
- November 26, 2019
- November 24, 2019
- November 12, 2019
- November 5, 2019
- October 30, 2019
- October 29, 2019
- September 17, 2019
- September 11, 2017
- October 17, 2017
- July 29, 2019
- July 23, 2019
- July 15, 2019
- July 7, 2019
- June 27, 2019
- June 17, 2019
- Conclusions/Assessments
- Implications
- Statement of Thomas S. Warrick, Nonrs. Esident Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council
- Prepared Statement of Thomas S. Warrick, January 15, 2020
- Four Ways Iran Threatens the United States
- Three Preliminary Points About Cyber Attacks
- Iran's Peculiar Sense of Symmetry
- What U.S. Policy Makers Should Do
- Statement of Anthony J. Tata, CEO and President, Tata Leadership Group
- Prepared Statement of Anthony J. Tata, January 15, 2020
- Soleimani's Legacy of Terror
- Impact on U.S. Service Members, Contractors, and Their Families.
- Iran and Soleimani Responsible
- Authorization of Use of Military Force
- Imminent Threat
- Regional Strategy
- Eliminating Soleimani Makes the United States Safer
- Letter from the Jewish Federations of North America, January 15, 2020
- Chapter 2
- U.S.-Iran Conflict and Implications for U.S. Policy(
- Summary
- Context for Heightened U.S.-Iran Tensions
- Iran's Attacks on Tankers in Mid-2019
- Actions by Iran's Regional Allies
- Tensions Turn to Hostilities
- Iran and U.S. Downing of Drones
- UK-Iran Tensions and Iran Tanker Seizures
- Attack on Saudi Energy Infrastructure in September 2019
- U.S. Sanctions Responses to Iranian Provocations
- JCPOA-Related Iranian Responses
- Conflict Erupts (December 2019-January 2020)
- U.S. Escalation and Aftermath: Drone Strike Kills Qasem Soleimani
- Iranian Responses and Subsequent Hostilities
- Tensions Resurface in Spring 2020: Iraq and the Gulf
- Efforts to De-Escalate Tensions
- Iran-Focused Additional U.S. Military Deployments
- Gulf Maritime Security Operation
- U.S. Military Action: Options and Considerations
- Resource Implications of Military Operations
- Congressional Responses
- Possible Issues for Congress
- Chapter 3
- The 2019-2020 Iran Crisis and U.S. Military Deployments(
- Summary
- Force Employment Goals?
- Recent Deployments
- Questions for Congress
- What Might Be the Impact on Readiness and Availability of U.S. Forces for Other Missions?
- What Might Be the Impact on Regional and Global Basing and Posture?
- Is DOD Adequately Prepared for Hybrid and Irregular Warfare?
- Do Recent Deployments Align with National Strategy?
- Chapter 4
- Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options (Updated)(
- Summary
- Political History
- Regime Structure, Stability, and Opposition.
- Unelected or Indirectly Elected Institutions: The Supreme Leader, Council of Guardians, and Expediency Council
- The Supreme Leader
- Succession to Khamene'i
- Council of Guardians and Expediency Council
- Council of Guardians
- Expediency Council
- Domestic Security Organs
- Elected Institutions/Recent Elections
- The Presidency
- The Majles
- The Assembly of Experts
- Recent and Upcoming Elections
- Disputed 2009 Election
- Rouhani's Election Wins and Presidency
- Majles and Assembly of Experts Elections in 2016
- Presidential Election of May 19, 2017
- Majles Elections on February 21, 2020
- Presidential Election of June 2021
- Periodic Unrest Challenges the Regime
- Human Rights Practices
- U.S.-Iran Relations, U.S. Policy, and Options
- Reagan Administration: Iran Placed on "Terrorism List"
- George H. W. Bush Administration: "Goodwill Begets Goodwill"
- Clinton Administration: "Dual Containment"
- George W. Bush Administration: Iran Part of "Axis of Evil"
- Obama Administration: Pressure, Engagement, and the JCPOA
- Trump Administration: JCPOA Exit and "Maximum Pressure"
- Withdrawal from the JCPOA and Subsequent Pressure Efforts
- Policy Elements and Options
- Engagement and Improved Bilateral Relations
- Military Action
- Economic Sanctions
- Regime Change
- Democracy Promotion and Internet Freedom Efforts
- Broadcasting/Public Diplomacy Issues
- VOA Persian Service/VOA365
- State Department Public Diplomacy Efforts
- Chapter 5
- Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies (Updated)(
- Summary
- Introduction
- Drivers of Iran's Policy
- Threat Perception
- Ideology
- National Interests
- Factional Interests, Competition, and Public Opinion
- Instruments of Iran's National Security Strategy
- Support to Allied Regimes and Groups and Use of Terrorism
- Direct Military Action/Cyberattacks.
- Other Political Action/Soft Power
- Diplomacy
- Iran's Nuclear and Defense Programs
- Nuclear Program
- Interim and Comprehensive Nuclear Deals
- Missile Programs and Chemical and Biological Weapons Capability
- Missiles
- U.S. and U.N. Responses to Iran's Missile Programs
- Chemical and Biological Weapons
- Conventional and "Asymmetric Warfare" Capability
- Air Force Organization
- Naval Forces Organization
- Asymmetric Warfare Capacity
- Military-to-Military Relationships
- Iranian Arms Transfers and U.N. Restrictions
- Defense Budget
- Countering Iran
- Threatening Military Action
- Near East Region
- The Persian Gulf
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates (UAE)
- Qatar
- Bahrain
- Kuwait
- Oman
- Iranian Threats to Gulf Security
- U.S.-GCC Defense Cooperation Agreements
- Middle East Strategic Alliance (MESA)
- Bilateral U.S.-Gulf Defense Agreements and U.S. Forces in the Gulf
- Arms Sales
- Iranian Policy on Iraq, Syria, and the Islamic State
- Iraq
- Iranian Advice and Funding to Iraqi Militias
- U.S. Policy to Curb Iranian Influence in Iraq
- Syria
- Iranian Military and Financial Support to Asad
- U.S. Policy to Limit Iranian Influence in Syria
- Hamas, Hezbollah, and Other Anti-Israel Groups
- Hamas
- Iranian Financial Support to Hamas
- Hezbollah
- Iranian Financial and Military Support
- U.S. Policy to Reduce Iran's Support for Hezbollah
- Yemen
- Financial and Advisory Support
- U.S. Policy to Counter Iranian Influence in Yemen
- Turkey
- South and Central Asia
- The South Caucasus
- Central Asia
- Kazakhstan
- South Asia
- Afghanistan
- Pakistan
- India
- Russia
- Europe
- East Asia
- China
- Japan and South Korea
- North Korea
- Latin America
- Venezuela
- Argentina
- Africa
- Sudan
- Outlook
- Chapter 6
- Iran Sanctions (Updated)(
- Summary
- Overview.
- Blocked Iranian Property and Assets
- Post-JCPOA Status: Iranian Assets Still Frozen, but Some Issues Resolved
- U.S.-Iran Claims Tribunal
- Other Iranian Assets Frozen
- Use of Iranian Assets to Compensate U.S. Victims of Iranian Terrorism
- Executive Order 13599 Impounding Iran-Owned Assets
- Implementation of the JCPOA
- Civilian Nuclear Entity Exception
- Sanctions for Iran's Support for Armed Factions
- Sanctions Triggered by Terrorism List Designation
- Exception for U.S. Humanitarian Aid
- Sanctions on States "Not Cooperating" Against Terrorism
- Executive Order 13224 Sanctioning Terrorism-Supporting Entities
- Implementation of E.O. 13224
- CAATSA Application to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)
- Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) Designations
- Implementation
- Other Sanctions on Iran's Support for Regional Armed Factions
- Executive Order 13438 on Threats to Iraq's Stability
- Executive Order 13572 on Repression of the Syrian People
- Hezbollah-Specific Financial Sanctions
- Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment with Iran
- JCPOA-Related Easing and Subsequent Reversal
- What U.S.-Iran Trade Is Allowed or Prohibited?
- Application to Foreign Subsidiaries of U.S. Firms
- Sanctions on Iran's Energy Sector
- The Iran Sanctions Act
- Key Sanctions "Triggers" under ISA
- Trigger 1 (Original Trigger): "Investment" to Develop Iran's Oil and Gas Fields
- Trigger 2: Sales of WMD and Related Technologies, Advanced Conventional Weaponry, and Participation in Uranium Mining Ventures
- Trigger 3: Sales of Gasoline to Iran
- Trigger 4: Provision of Equipment for Oil, Gas, and Petrochemicals Production
- Trigger 5: Transporting Iranian Crude Oil
- Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act (ITRSHRA): ISA sanctions on shipping insurance, Iranian bonds, and dealings with the IRGC
- Implementation.
