Methods for faecal sludge analysis /
Faecal sludge management is recognized globally as an essential component of city-wide inclusive sanitation. However, a major gap in developing appropriate and adequate management and monitoring for faecal sludge is the ability to understand and predict the characteristics and volumes of accumulated...
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London :
IWA Publishing,
2021.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | CONNECT CONNECT |
MARC
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| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Methods for faecal sludge analysis / |c edited by Konstantina Velkushanova [and five others]. |
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| 520 | |a Faecal sludge management is recognized globally as an essential component of city-wide inclusive sanitation. However, a major gap in developing appropriate and adequate management and monitoring for faecal sludge is the ability to understand and predict the characteristics and volumes of accumulated faecal sludge, and correlations to source populations. Since standard methods for sampling and analysing faecal sludge do not currently exist, results are not comparable, the actual variability is not yet fully understood, and the transfer of knowledge and data between different regions and institutions can be challenging and often arbitrary. Due to this lack of standard analytical methods for faecal sludge, methods from other fields, such as wastewater management, and soil and food science are frequently applied. However, these methods are not necessarily the most suitable for faecal sludge analysis, and have not been specifically adapted for this purpose. Characteristics of faecal sludge can be different than these other matrices by orders of magnitude. There is also a lack of standard methods for sampling, which is complicated by the difficult nature of in situ sampling, the wide range of onsite sanitation technologies and potential sampling locations, and the diverse heterogeneity of faecal sludge within onsite containments and within cities. This illustrates the urgent need to establish common methods and procedures for faecal sludge characterisation, quantification, sampling, and modelling. The aim of this book is to provide a basis for standardised methods for the analysis of faecal sludge from onsite sanitation technologies, for improved communication between sanitation practitioners, and for greater confidence in the generated data. The book presents background information on types of faecal sludge, methods for sample collection, health and safety procedures for handling, case studies of experimental design, an approach for estimating faecal sludge at community to city-wide scales, modelling containment and treatment processes, recipes for simulants, and laboratory methods for faecal sludge analysis currently in use by faecal sludge laboratories. This book will be beneficial for researchers, laboratory technicians, academics, students and sanitation practitioners. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Intro -- Cover -- Table of contents -- 1. Setting the stage -- 1.1 CITY-WIDE INCLUSIVE SANITATION -- 1.2 WHAT IS FAECAL SLUDGE? -- 1.3 TOWARDS STANDARDISATION OF METHODS FOR FAECAL SLUDGE ANALYSIS -- 1.4 INTEGRATED APPROACH TO DATA COLLECTION -- 1.5 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES -- REFERENCES -- 2. Faecal sludge properties and considerations for characterisation -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 TYPES OF FAECAL SLUDGE -- 2.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FAECAL SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE SANITATION SERVICE CHAIN -- 2.3.1 Inputs to faecal sludge production -- 2.3.1.1 Excreta -- 2.3.1.2 Water inputs | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.3.1.3 Anal cleansing materials -- 2.3.1.4 Additional inputs -- 2.3.2 Factors affecting characteristics of accumulated faecal sludge -- 2.3.2.1 Technical factors -- 2.3.2.2 Demographic factors -- 2.3.2.3 Environmental factors -- 2.3.2.4 Variability of accumulated faecal sludge -- 2.3.2.5 Developments and innovations in onsite containment -- 2.3.3 Emptying and transport -- 2.3.3.1 Storage time or emptying frequency -- 2.3.3.2 Manual or mechanical emptying -- 2.3.3.3 Transportation -- 2.3.3.4 Innovations in faecal sludge emptying and transportation -- 2.3.4 Treatment and end use | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.3.4.1 Faecal sludge treatment plants -- 2.3.4.2 End use or disposal -- 2.3.4.3 Innovations in treatment and end use -- 2.3.4.4 Container-based sanitation (CBS) -- 2.3.4.5 Summary of technologies along the sanitation service chain -- 2.4 PROPERTIES OF FAECAL SLUDGE AND SELECTING METHODS OF CHARACTERISATION -- 2.4.1 Faecal sludge properties -- 2.4.1.1 Chemical and physico-chemical properties -- 2.4.1.2 Physical properties -- 2.4.1.3 Biological properties -- 2.4.2 Selection of appropriate methods for characterisation -- 2.5 SETTING UP LABORATORIES FOR FAECAL SLUDGE ANALYSIS | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.5.1 Faecal sludge laboratory workflow -- 2.5.2 Health and safety practices -- 2.5.3 Laboratory management systems -- 2.5.4 Case studies of global faecal sludge laboratories -- 2.5.5 Global Partnership of Laboratories for Faecal Sludge Analysis (GPLFSA) -- 2.6 OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- 3. Faecal sludge sample collection and handling -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 SAMPLING OBJECTIVE -- 3.2.1 Containment -- 3.2.2 Collection and transport -- 3.2.3 Treatment -- 3.2.4 End use -- 3.3 REPRESENTATIVENESS -- 3.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES -- 3.4.1 Grab sampling -- 3.4.2 Composite sampling | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.5 SAMPLING AND MEASURING DEVICES -- 3.5.1 L-stick sludge and scum measuring device -- 3.5.2 Core sampling device -- 3.5.3 Vacuum sludge sampling device -- 3.5.4 Cone-shaped sampling device -- 3.5.5 Grab sampling device -- horizontal -- 3.5.6 Grab sampling beaker device -- vertical -- 3.5.7 Automatic composite sampler -- 3.5.8 Distance laser measuring device -- 3.5.9 Portable penetrometer -- 3.6 SAMPLING METHODS AND LOCATION -- 3.6.1 Sampling in situ from onsite containment technologies -- 3.6.2 Sampling during emptying of onsite containment technologies | |
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