QOS-enabled networks : tools and foundations /

QOS-enabled networks : tools and foundations /

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With a foreword by Kannan Kothandaraman "This is the first book about QOS that I actually enjoyed reading precisely because the authors focused on real-life QoS and not in academic discussions about it." Per Nihlen, IP Network Manager, NORDUnet The new authoritative, practical guide to del...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Barreiros, Miguel, 1977- (Author), Lundqvist, Peter, 1968- (Author)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Chichester, West Sussex, UK : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016.
Edition:Second edition.
Subjects:
Computer networks > Quality control.
Telecommunication > Traffic.
Telecommunication systems > Evaluation.
Online Access:CONNECT
Table of Contents:
  • About the Authors x
  • Foreword xi
  • Preface xiii
  • Acknowledgments xv
  • Abbreviations xvi
  • Part I THE QOS REALM 1
  • 1 The QOS World 3
  • 1.1 Operation and Signaling 4
  • 1.2 Standards and Per?]Hop Behavior 5
  • 1.3 Traffic Characterization 8
  • 1.4 A Router without QOS 11
  • 1.5 Conclusion 12
  • References 12
  • Further Reading 12
  • 2 The QOS Tools 13
  • 2.1 Classifiers and Classes of Service 13
  • 2.2 Metering and Coloring--CIR/PIR Model 15
  • 2.3 The Policer Tool 16
  • 2.4 The Shaper Function 17
  • 2.5 Comparing Policing and Shaping 18
  • 2.6 Queue 19
  • 2.7 The Scheduler 21
  • 2.8 The Rewrite Tool 21
  • 2.9 Example of Combining Tools 23
  • 2.10 Delay and Jitter Insertion 27
  • 2.11 Packet Loss 31
  • 2.12 Conclusion 32
  • Reference 33
  • 3 Challenges 34
  • 3.1 Defining the Classes of Service 35
  • 3.2 Classes of Service and Queues Mapping 37
  • 3.3 Inherent Delay Factors 40
  • 3.4 Congestion Points 46
  • 3.5 Trust Borders 49
  • 3.6 Granularity Levels 51
  • 3.7 Control Traffic 53
  • 3.8 Trust, Granularity, and Control Traffic 54
  • 3.9 Conclusion 56
  • Further Reading 56
  • 4 Special Traffic Types and Networks 57
  • 4.1 Layer 4 Transport Protocols: UDP and TCP 58
  • 4.1.1 The TCP Session 61
  • 4.1.2 TCP Congestion Mechanism 64
  • 4.1.3 TCP Congestion Scenario 65
  • 4.1.4 TCP and QOS 66
  • 4.2 Data Center 67
  • 4.2.1 SAN Traffic 68
  • 4.2.2 Lossless Ethernet Networks 69
  • 4.2.3 Virtualization 71
  • 4.2.4 Software Defined Networks 73
  • 4.2.5 DC and QOS 74
  • 4.3 Real?]Time Traffic 74
  • 4.3.1 Control and Data Traffic 75
  • 4.3.2 Voice over IP 76
  • 4.3.3 IPTV 78
  • 4.3.4 QOS and Real?]Time Traffic 79
  • Reference 80
  • Further Reading 80
  • Part II TOOLS 81
  • 5 Classifiers 83
  • 5.1 Packet QOS Markings 84
  • 5.2 Inbound Interface Information 85
  • 5.3 Deep Packet Inspection 87
  • 5.4 Selecting Classifiers 88
  • 5.5 The QOS Network Perspective 89
  • 5.6 MPLS DiffServ?]TE 92
  • 5.7 Mixing Different QOS Realms 94
  • 5.8 Conclusion 99
  • References 100
  • 6 Policing and Shaping 101.
  • 6.1 Token Buckets 101
  • 6.2 Traffic Bursts 106
  • 6.3 Dual?]Rate Token Buckets 109
  • 6.4 Shapers and Leaky Buckets 110
  • 6.5 Excess Traffic and Oversubscription 112
  • 6.6 Comparing and Applying Policer and Shaper Tools 113
  • 6.7 Conclusion 116
  • Reference 116
  • 7 Queuing and Scheduling 117
  • 7.1 Queuing and Scheduling Concepts 117
  • 7.2 Packets and Cellification 119
  • 7.3 Different Types of Queuing Disciplines 121
  • 7.4 FIFO 121
  • 7.5 FQ 123
  • 7.6 PQ 125
  • 7.7 WFQ 127
  • 7.8 WRR 128
  • 7.9 DWRR 131
  • 7.10 PB?]DWRR 137
  • 7.11 Conclusions about the Best Queuing Discipline 141
  • Further Reading 142
  • 8 Advanced Queuing Topics 143
  • 8.1 Hierarchical Scheduling 143
  • 8.2 Queue Lengths and Buffer Size 146
  • 8.3 Dynamically Sized versus Fixed?]Size Queue Buffers 149
  • 8.4 RED 150
  • 8.5 Using RED with TCP Sessions 152
  • 8.6 Differentiating Traffic inside a Queue with WRED 154
  • 8.7 Head versus Tail RED 156
  • 8.8 Segmented and Interpolated RED Profiles 158
  • 8.9 Conclusion 160
  • Reference 161
  • Further Reading 161
  • Part III CASE STUDIES 163
  • 9 The VPLS Case Study 165
  • 9.1 High?]Level Case Study Overview 166
  • 9.2 Virtual Private Networks 167
  • 9.3 Service Overview 168
  • 9.4 Service Technical Implementation 170
  • 9.5 Network Internals 171
  • 9.6 Classes of Service and Queue Mapping 172
  • 9.7 Classification and Trust Borders 174
  • 9.8 Admission Control 175
  • 9.9 Rewrite Rules 176
  • 9.10 Absorbing Traffic Bursts at the Egress 179
  • 9.11 Queues and Scheduling at Core?]Facing Interfaces 179
  • 9.12 Queues and Scheduling at Customer?]Facing Interfaces 182
  • 9.13 Tracing a Packet through the Network 183
  • 9.14 Adding More Services 186
  • 9.15 Multicast Traffic 188
  • 9.16 Using Bandwidth Reservations 190
  • 9.17 Conclusion 191
  • Further Reading 191
  • 10 Case Study QOS in the Data Center 192
  • 10.1 The New Traffic Model for Modern Data Centers 192
  • 10.2 The Industry Consensus about Data Center Design 196
  • 10.3 What Causes Congestion in the Data Center? 199.
  • 10.3.1 Oversubscription versus Microbursts 199
  • 10.3.2 TCP Incast Problem 202
  • 10.4 Conclusions 205
  • Further Reading 207
  • 11 Case Study IP RAN and Mobile Backhaul QOS 208
  • 11.1 Evolution from 2G to 4G 208
  • 11.2 2G Network Components 209
  • 11.3 Traffic on 2G Networks 211
  • 11.4 3G Network Components 211
  • 11.5 Traffic on 3G Networks 215
  • 11.6 LTE Network Components 216
  • 11.7 LTE Traffic Types 219
  • 11.8 LTE Traffic Classes 220
  • 11.9 Conclusion 224
  • References 227
  • Further Reading 227
  • 12 Conclusion 228
  • Index 230.

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