Hungary
Hungary }} is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of 9.5 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, a language belonging to the Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, is the official language, and Budapest is the country's capital and largest city.Prior to the foundation of the Hungarian state, various peoples settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, most notably the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs. The Principality of Hungary was established in the late 9th century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the 14th–15th centuries. After a long period of Ottoman wars, Hungary's forces were defeated at the Battle of Mohács and its capital was captured in 1541, opening roughly a 150 years long period when the country was divided into three parts: Royal Hungary, loyal to the Habsburgs; Ottoman Hungary; and the largely independent Principality of Transylvania. The reunited Hungary came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, fighting a war of independence in 1703–1711, and a war of independence in 1848–1849 until a compromise allowed the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, a major power into the early 20th century. Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of its ethnic Hungarians.
In the interwar period, after initial turmoil, Miklós Horthy ascended as a determining politician, representing the monarchy as regent in place of the Habsburgs. Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. As a result, the Hungarian People's Republic was established as a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became comparatively freer, but still remained a repressed member of the Eastern Bloc. In 1989, concurrently with the Revolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into a democratic parliamentary republic, joining the European Union in 2004 and being part of the Schengen Area since 2007.
Hungary is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education. Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology. It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international tourists in 2019. It is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.
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Bulla aurea Andreae II. r. = II. András kir. Aranybullaja. by Andrew II, King of Hungary, 1175-1235
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Bulle d'or : du roi André II. by Andrew II, King of Hungary, 1175-1235
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The Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic /
Published 1973“…Hungary…”
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The Fundamental Law of Hungary (25 April 2011) : [updated to 18 June 2012].
Published 2013“…Hungary…”
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The fundamental law of Hungary : consolidated text as on 1 October 2013, incorporating: the First Amendment to the Fundamental Law, the Second Amendment to the Fundamental Law, the...
Published 2013“…Hungary…”
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Constitution of the Republic of Hungary : [Act XX of 1949 as revised and restated by Act XXXI of 1989], as of 2 January 2011.
Published 2011“…Hungary…”
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The Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic /
Published 1973“…Hungary…”
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Constitution of the Republic of Hungary /
Published 2010“…Hungary…”
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The constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic /
Published 1959“…Hungary…”
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Fourth amendment to the Fundamental law of Hungary and technical note /
Published 2013“…Hungary…”
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Law 7 of 1885 : altering the organization of the Table of Magnates.
Published 1919“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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12
Law respecting the re-establishment of the constitutional order and the provisional exercise of sovereign power in Hungary : Budapest, February 28, 1920.
Published 1925“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Law modifying the Law relating to the re-establishment of constitutional order and the provisional exercise of sovereign power in Hungary : promulgated August 19, 1920.
Published 1925“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Hungarian law modifying the Law respecting the re-establishment of constitutional order and the provisional exercise of sovereign power : August 25, 1933.
Published 1933“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Hungarian law providing for the extension of the powers of the Regent : promulgated July 28, 1937.
Published 1937“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Loi 1 de 1920 : sur le rétablissement du régime constitutionnel et sur la réglementation provisoire de l'exercice de l'autorité suprême.
Published 1929“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Loi 10 de 1920 : sur la réglementation provisoire de la procédure à suivre au cas de mise en jeu de la responsabilité des ministres.
Published 1929“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Law abolishing the sovereign rights of King Charles IV and the hereditary succession of the House of Hapsburg in Hungary : Budapest, November 6, 1921.
Published 1925“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Hungarian Law respecting the election of deputies to the lower house : No. 26, promulgated August 23, 1925.
Published 1926“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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Hungarian Law creating an upper chamber of parliament : No. XXII, promulgated November 15, 1926.
Published 1926“…Hungary. Országgyűlés…”
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