Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, ; .}} also known as Czechia, ; .}} is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire.
In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Provided by Wikipedia
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Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms : resolution of the Presidium of the Czech National Council of 16 December 1992 on the declaration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights a...
Published 2021“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act no. 98/2013 Sb.].
Published 2013“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of 14 November 2002 : concerning the referendum on the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union and amendments to constitutional act no. 1/1993 Sb., the...
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[Constitutional act 300/2000 Sb.].
Published 2000“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of 3 December 1997 : on the creation of higher territorial self-governing units and on amendments to constitutional act of the Czech National Council. no. 1/1993...
Published 2001“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act 176/2001 Sb.].
Published 2001“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of the Czech National Council of 22 December 1992 : on certain additional measures connected with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
Published 1992“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of the Czech National Council of 15 December 1992 : on measures connected with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
Published 1992“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of February 8, 2012 : which amends the constitutional act no. 1/1993 coll., the constitution of the Czech Republic as amended by subsequent constitutional acts.
Published 2012“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act 319/2009 Sb.].
Published 2009“…Czech Republic…”
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Constitutional act of 14 November 2002 : concerning the referendum on the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union and amendments to constitutional act no. 1/1993 Sb., the...
Published 2002“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act no. 448/2001 Sb.].
Published 2001“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act no. 395/2001 Sb.].
Published 2001“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act no. 300/2000 Sb.].
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Constitutional act of 3 December 1997 : on the creation of higher territorial self-governing units and on amendments to constitutional act no. 1/1993 Sb., the constitution of the C...
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Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms : resolution of the Presidium of the Czech National Council of 16 December 1992 on the declaration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights a...
Published 1998“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act 110/1998 Sb.].
Published 1998“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional act 347/1997 Sb.].
Published 1997“…Czech Republic…”
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[Constitutional law 162/1998 Sb.].
Published 1998“…Czech Republic…”
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