Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann (; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber groups, orchestra, choir and the opera. His works typify the spirit of the Romantic era in German music.Schumann was born in Zwickau, Saxony, to an affluent middle-class family with no musical connections, and was initially unsure whether to pursue a career as a lawyer or to make a living as a pianist-composer. He studied law at the universities of Leipzig and Heidelberg but his main interests were music and Romantic literature. From 1829 he was a student of the piano teacher Friedrich Wieck, but his hopes for a career as a virtuoso pianist were frustrated by a worsening problem with his right hand, and he concentrated on composition. His early works were mainly piano pieces, including the large-scale , , (Fantasy Pieces), and (Scenes from Childhood) (1834–1838). He was a co-founder of the (New Musical Journal) in 1834 and edited it for ten years. In his writing for the journal and in his music he distinguished between two contrasting aspects of his personality, dubbing these alter egos "Florestan" for his impetuous self and "Eusebius" for his gentle poetic side.
Despite the bitter opposition of Wieck, who did not regard his pupil as a suitable husband for his daughter, Schumann married Wieck's daughter Clara in 1840. In the years immediately following their wedding Schumann composed prolifically, writing, first, songs and song‐cycles including ("Woman's Love and Life") and ("Poet's Love"). He turned his attention to orchestral music in 1841, completing the first of his four symphonies. In the following year he concentrated on chamber music, writing three string quartets, a Piano Quintet and a Piano Quartet. During the rest of the 1840s, between bouts of mental and physical ill health, he composed a variety of piano and other pieces and went with his wife on concert tours in Europe. His only opera, ''Genoveva'' (1850), was not a success and has seldom been staged since.
Schumann and his family moved to Düsseldorf in 1850 in the hope that his appointment as the city's director of music would provide financial security, but his shyness and mental instability made it difficult for him to work with his orchestra and he had to resign after three years. In 1853 the Schumanns met the twenty-year-old Johannes Brahms, whom Schumann praised in an article in the . The following year Schumann's always-precarious mental health deteriorated gravely. He threw himself into the River Rhine but was rescued and taken to a private sanatorium near Bonn, where he lived for more than two years, dying there at the age of 46.
During his lifetime Schumann was recognised for his piano music – often subtly programmatic – and his songs. His other works were less generally admired, and for many years there was a widespread belief that those from his later years lacked the inspiration of his early music. More recently this view has been less prevalent, but it is still his piano works and songs from the 1830s and 1840s on which his reputation is primarily based. He had considerable influence in the nineteenth century and beyond. In the German-speaking world the composers Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Arnold Schoenberg and more recently Wolfgang Rihm have been inspired by his music, as were French composers such as Georges Bizet, Gabriel Fauré, Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. Schumann was a major influence on the Russian school of composers, including Anton Rubinstein and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Provided by Wikipedia
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161
Des Sängers Fluch, for soli, chorus and orchestra, op. 139. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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162
Vom Pagen und der Königstochter : for soli, chorus and orchestra, op. 140 / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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163
Mass, for 4 part chorus and orchestra, op. 147. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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164
Genoveva; an opera in 4 acts by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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165
Das Paradies und die Peri for soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 50. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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166
Scenes from Goethe's Faust : for soli, chorus and orchestra / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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167
Requiem : for chorus and orchestra : op. 148 / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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168
Overture to Manfred, op. 115 ; Fest overture, op. 123 ; Overture to Julius Caesar, op. 128 / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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169
Overture, scherzo and finale, op. 52. Overture to Genoveva, op. 81. Overture to the bride of Messina, op. 100. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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170
Scenes from Goethe's Faust : for solo, chorus and orchestra / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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171
First piano trio op. 63 in D minor ; second piano trio op. 80 in F major / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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172
Three quartets : for 2 violins, viola and cello / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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173
Introduction and allegro appasionato, op. 92, for piano and orchestra in G major ; Concert-allegro with introduction, op. 134, for piano and orchestra in D minor / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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174
Piano concerto in A minor, op. 54. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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175
Fantasy for violin, op. 131. Cello concerto, op. 129 / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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176
Ballscenen : op. 109 ; Kinderball : op. 130 : for piano solo / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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177
Andante and variations. Op. 46 for two pianos. Bilder aus Osten. Op. 66. Zwölf vierhändige Klavierstücke. Op. 85 for piano solo / by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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178
For piano and other instruments : Märchen-Bilder : vier Stücke für Pianoforte und Viola (Violine ad libit.), op. 113 ; Drei romanzen für Oboe (ad libit. Violine) und Pianoforte, op... by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
Published 1960Other Authors: “…Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856…”
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179
For piano and other instruments : Adagio und Allegro (Pianoforte und Horn), Op. 70 ; Phantasiestücke (Pianoforte und Clarinette), Op. 73 ; Erste Sonate (Pianoforte und Violine), Op... by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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180
Third piano trio, op. 110. Phantasiestücke, op. 88. Marchenerzählungen, op. 132. by Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856
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