Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , also US: ; German: .}} (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a profound and wide-ranging influence on Western literary, political, and philosophical thought from the late 18th century to the present day. A poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic, his works include plays, poetry and aesthetic criticism, as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and color.Goethe took up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (1774), and joined a thriving intellectual and cultural environment under the patronage of Duchess Anna Amalia that had already included Abel Seyler's theatre company and Christoph Martin Wieland, and that formed the basis of Weimar Classicism. He was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782. Goethe was an early participant in the ''Sturm und Drang'' literary movement. During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council (1776–1785), sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace.}}
Goethe's first major scientific work, the ''Metamorphosis of Plants'', was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy. In 1791 he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar, and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist, historian, and philosopher Friedrich Schiller, whose plays he premiered until Schiller's death in 1805. During this period Goethe published his second novel, ''Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship''; the verse epic ''Hermann and Dorothea'', and, in 1808, the first part of his most celebrated drama, ''Faust''. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. Due to their very close relationship many modern historians assume that Goethe and Schiller had a romantic and sexual affair.
The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer named ''Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship'' one of the four greatest novels ever written,}} while the American philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six "representative men" in his work of the same name (along with Plato, Emanuel Swedenborg, Montaigne, Napoleon, and Shakespeare). Goethe's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works, notably Johann Peter Eckermann's ''Conversations with Goethe'' (1836). His poems were set to music by many composers including Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, and Mahler. Provided by Wikipedia
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141
Der Jüngling am Bache : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte [1812] / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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142
Gretchen am Spinnrade : Aus Geothe's "Faust" : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : Op. 2, Moritz Reichsgrafen von Fries gewidmet / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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143
Nachtgesang : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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144
Am flusse, gedicht von J.W.v. Goethe : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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145
An Mignon : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte, zweite Fassung, op. 19, no. 2 / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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146
An Mignon : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte, erste Fassung / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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147
Nähe des Geliebten : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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148
Nähe des Geliebten : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : op. 5 no. 2 / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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149
Die Liebe : Für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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150
Meeres Stille : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : Op. 3, No. 2, Ignaz Edlen von mosel gewidmet / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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151
Der Fischer : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : op. 5, no. 3 / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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152
Erster Verlust, op. 5, no. 4 : Für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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153
Der Gott und die Bajadere : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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154
Heidenröslein : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : Op. 3, No. 3, Ignaz Edlen von Mosel gewidmet / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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155
Bundeslied : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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156
Liebhaber in allen Gestalten : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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157
Der Goldschmiedsgesell : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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158
Mignon : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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159
Harfenspieler : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : Aus Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister" / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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160
Geistes-Gruss : für eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte : Erste Fassung / by Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828, Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832
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