Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven ; |group=n}} (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, Beethoven began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.Born in Bonn, Beethoven displayed his musical talent at a young age. He was initially taught intensively by his father, Johann van Beethoven, and later by Christian Gottlob Neefe. Under Neefe's tutelage in 1783, he published his first work, a set of keyboard variations. He found relief from a dysfunctional home life with the family of Helene von Breuning, whose children he loved, befriended, and taught piano. At age 21, he moved to Vienna, which subsequently became his base, and studied composition with Haydn. Beethoven then gained a reputation as a virtuoso pianist, and was soon patronised by Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky for compositions, which resulted in his three Opus 1 piano trios (the earliest works to which he accorded an opus number) in 1795.
His first major orchestral work, the First Symphony, premiered in 1800, and his first set of string quartets was published in 1801. Despite his advancing deafness during this period, he continued to conduct, premiering his Third and Fifth Symphonies in 1804 and 1808, respectively. His Violin Concerto appeared in 1806. His last piano concerto (No. 5, Op. 73, known as the ''Emperor''), dedicated to his frequent patron Archduke Rudolf of Austria, premiered in 1811, without Beethoven as soloist. He was almost completely deaf by 1815, and he then gave up performing and appearing in public. He described his problems with health and his unfulfilled personal life in two letters, his Heiligenstadt Testament (1802) to his brothers and his unsent love letter to an unknown "Immortal Beloved" (1812).
After 1810, increasingly less socially involved as his hearing loss worsened, Beethoven composed many of his most admired works, including later symphonies, mature chamber music and the late piano sonatas. His only opera, ''Fidelio'', first performed in 1805, was revised to its final version in 1814. He composed ''Missa solemnis'' between 1819 and 1823 and his final Symphony, No. 9, the first major example of a choral symphony, between 1822 and 1824. Written in his last years, his late string quartets, including the ''Grosse Fuge'', of 1825–1826 are among his final achievements. After several months of illness, which left him bedridden, he died on 26 March 1827 at the age of 56. Provided by Wikipedia
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161
Spring-time / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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162
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, F major, op. 18/1 = F-Dur = fa majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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163
Quartets for 2 violins, viola and violoncello G major op. 18/2 = G-Dur = sol majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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164
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, C minor, op. 18/4 = c-Moll = Ut mineur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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165
Quintet for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon, E♭ major, op. 16 = Es-Dur = mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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166
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, C♯ minor, op. 131 = cis-Moll = ut♯ mineur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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167
Quintet for 2 violins, 2 violas and violoncello, E♭ major, op. 4 = Es-Dur = mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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168
Quartet for piano, violin, viola and violoncello, E♭ major, op. 16 = Es-Dur = mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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169
Septet for violin, viola, violoncello, double-bass, clarinet, horn and bassoon, E♭ major, op. 20 = für Violine, Bratsche, Violoncello, Kontrabaß, Klarinette, Horn und Fagott, Es-Du... by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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170
Piano trio, G major, for pianoforte, violin and violoncello : op. 1 no. 2 / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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171
Trio for piano, violin and violoncello, C minor, op. 1/3 = c-Moll = ut mineur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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172
Fantasy for piano, chorus and orchestra, op. 80 / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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173
Sextet for 2 violins, viola, violoncello and 2 horns, E♭ major, op. 81b = Es-Dur = mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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174
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, E♭ major, op. 74 "Harp quartet = Es-Dur "Harfenquartett" = mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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175
Rondino for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons and 2 horns, E♭ major, WoO 25 = für 2 Oboen, 2 Klarinetten, 2 Fagotte und 2 Hörner, Es-Dur = Mi♭ majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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176
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, E minor, op. 59/2 = e-Moll = Mi mineur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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177
Quartet for 2 violins, viola and violoncello, C major, op. 59/3 = C-Dur = Ut majeur / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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178
Quartet : for 2 violins, viola and violoncello : A minor = a-Moll = la mineur : op. 132 / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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179
Leonore : overture no. 3 for the opera "Leonore" ("Fidelio") : op. 72a / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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180
Egmont : overture for orchestra : op. 84 / by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
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